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visualization + design
If you are interested in color, explore my other color tools, Brewer palettes resources, color blindness palettes and math and an exhausting list of 10,000 color names for all those times you couldn't distinguish between tan hide, sea buckthorn, orange peel, west side, sunshade, california and pizzaz.

Designing for Color blindness

Color choices and transformations for deuteranopia and other afflictions

Here, I help you understand color blindness and describe a process by which you can make good color choices when designing for accessibility.

The opposite of color blindness is seeing all the colors and I can help you find 1,000 (or more) maximally distinct colors.

You can also delve into the mathematics behind the color blindness simulations and learn about copunctal points (the invisible color!) and lines of confusion.

Terminal color-blind-safe schemes

The terminal and text editor themes shown here were designed by Alan Welsh for green-weak colorblind users. If there are any red-weak users who find these themes unsuitable and would like to help in designing more, please reach out to Alan.

1 · Carribean dusk

CSS | Carribean Dusk terminal and text editor color palette by Alan Walsh / Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
CSS | Carribean Dusk terminal and text editor color palette by Alan Walsh
PY | Carribean Dusk terminal and text editor color palette by Alan Walsh / Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
PY | Carribean Dusk terminal and text editor color palette by Alan Walsh
HTML | Carribean Dusk terminal and text editor color palette by Alan Walsh / Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
HTML | Carribean Dusk terminal and text editor color palette by Alan Walsh
JS | Carribean Dusk terminal and text editor color palette by Alan Walsh / Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
JS | Carribean Dusk terminal and text editor color palette by Alan Walsh
C | Carribean Dusk terminal and text editor color palette by Alan Walsh / Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
C | Carribean Dusk terminal and text editor color palette by Alan Walsh

2 · Bay of alabaster

CSS | Bay of Alabaster terminal and text editor color palette by Alan Walsh / Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
CSS | Bay of Alabaster terminal and text editor color palette by Alan Walsh
PY | Bay of Alabaster terminal and text editor color palette by Alan Walsh / Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
PY | Bay of Alabaster terminal and text editor color palette by Alan Walsh
HTML | Bay of Alabaster terminal and text editor color palette by Alan Walsh / Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
HTML | Bay of Alabaster terminal and text editor color palette by Alan Walsh
JS | Bay of Alabaster terminal and text editor color palette by Alan Walsh / Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
JS | Bay of Alabaster terminal and text editor color palette by Alan Walsh
C | Bay of Alabaster terminal and text editor color palette by Alan Walsh / Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
C | Bay of Alabaster terminal and text editor color palette by Alan Walsh

3 · Black Russian cotton candy

CSS | Black Russian Cotton Candy terminal and text editor color palette by Alan Walsh / Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
CSS | Black Russian Cotton Candy terminal and text editor color palette by Alan Walsh
PY | Black Russian Cotton Candy terminal and text editor color palette by Alan Walsh / Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
PY | Black Russian Cotton Candy terminal and text editor color palette by Alan Walsh
HTML | Black Russian Cotton Candy terminal and text editor color palette by Alan Walsh / Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
HTML | Black Russian Cotton Candy terminal and text editor color palette by Alan Walsh
JS | Black Russian Cotton Candy terminal and text editor color palette by Alan Walsh / Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
JS | Black Russian Cotton Candy terminal and text editor color palette by Alan Walsh
C | Black Russian Cotton Candy terminal and text editor color palette by Alan Walsh / Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
C | Black Russian Cotton Candy terminal and text editor color palette by Alan Walsh

news + thoughts

Neural network primer

Mon 06-02-2023

Nature is often hidden, sometimes overcome, seldom extinguished. —Francis Bacon

In the first of a series of columns about neural networks, we introduce them with an intuitive approach that draws from our discussion about logistic regression.

Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
Nature Methods Points of Significance column: Neural network primer. (read)

Simple neural networks are just a chain of linear regressions. And, although neural network models can get very complicated, their essence can be understood in terms of relatively basic principles.

We show how neural network components (neurons) can be arranged in the network and discuss the ideas of hidden layers. Using a simple data set we show how even a 3-neuron neural network can already model relatively complicated data patterns.

Derry, A., Krzywinski, M & Altman, N. (2023) Points of significance: Neural network primer. Nature Methods 20.

Background reading

Lever, J., Krzywinski, M. & Altman, N. (2016) Points of significance: Logistic regression. Nature Methods 13:541–542.

Cell Genomics cover

Mon 16-01-2023

Our cover on the 11 January 2023 Cell Genomics issue depicts the process of determining the parent-of-origin using differential methylation of alleles at imprinted regions (iDMRs) is imagined as a circuit.

Designed in collaboration with with Carlos Urzua.

Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
Our Cell Genomics cover depicts parent-of-origin assignment as a circuit (volume 3, issue 1, 11 January 2023). (more)

Akbari, V. et al. Parent-of-origin detection and chromosome-scale haplotyping using long-read DNA methylation sequencing and Strand-seq (2023) Cell Genomics 3(1).

Browse my gallery of cover designs.

Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
A catalogue of my journal and magazine cover designs. (more)

Science Advances cover

Thu 05-01-2023

My cover design on the 6 January 2023 Science Advances issue depicts DNA sequencing read translation in high-dimensional space. The image showss 672 bases of sequencing barcodes generated by three different single-cell RNA sequencing platforms were encoded as oriented triangles on the faces of three 7-dimensional cubes.

More details about the design.

Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
My Science Advances cover that encodes sequence onto hypercubes (volume 9, issue 1, 6 January 2023). (more)

Kijima, Y. et al. A universal sequencing read interpreter (2023) Science Advances 9.

Browse my gallery of cover designs.

Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
A catalogue of my journal and magazine cover designs. (more)

Regression modeling of time-to-event data with censoring

Mon 21-11-2022

If you sit on the sofa for your entire life, you’re running a higher risk of getting heart disease and cancer. —Alex Honnold, American rock climber

In a follow-up to our Survival analysis — time-to-event data and censoring article, we look at how regression can be used to account for additional risk factors in survival analysis.

We explore accelerated failure time regression (AFTR) and the Cox Proportional Hazards model (Cox PH).

Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
Nature Methods Points of Significance column: Regression modeling of time-to-event data with censoring. (read)

Dey, T., Lipsitz, S.R., Cooper, Z., Trinh, Q., Krzywinski, M & Altman, N. (2022) Points of significance: Regression modeling of time-to-event data with censoring. Nature Methods 19.

Music video for Max Cooper's Ascent

Tue 25-10-2022

My 5-dimensional animation sets the visual stage for Max Cooper's Ascent from the album Unspoken Words. I have previously collaborated with Max on telling a story about infinity for his Yearning for the Infinite album.

I provide a walkthrough the video, describe the animation system I created to generate the frames, and show you all the keyframes

Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
Frame 4897 from the music video of Max Cooper's Asent.

The video recently premiered on YouTube.

Renders of the full scene are available as NFTs.


© 1999–2023 Martin Krzywinski | contact | Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences CentreBC Cancer Research CenterBC CancerPHSA